Voltage controlled oscillators for 40Gbit/s cascaded bit-interleaving PON

Technologies such as the Internet-of-Things and cloud services demand dynamic bandwidth allocation flexibility, which is not offered by the currently deployed solutions. The Bit-Interleaving PON (BiPON) and its cascaded extension the Cascaded Bit-Interleaving PON (CBI-PON) offer a solution that allows to increase bandwidths, reduce power consumption and have a much more flexible dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme. CBI-PON consists of multiple levels of BiPON with different line rates. For each of these line rates, clock-and-data recovery must be performed, which requires a set of different Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs). This paper presents the VCOs designed for the CABINET chip, an implementation of a CBI-PON network device, allowing clock-and-data recovery for 40Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s line rates

10 Gbit/s bit interleaving CDR for low-power PON

A novel, low power, downstream clock and data recovery (CDR)- decimator architecture is proposed for next generation, energy efficient 10 Gbit/s optical network units (ONUs). The architecture employs a new time division multiplexing bit-interleaving downstream concept for passive optical networks (Bi-PON) allowing early decimation of the incoming data and lowering of the processing speed to the user rate of the ONU, thus reducing the power consumption significantly

The 40 Gbps cascaded bit-interleaving PON

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A low power 40 Gbit/s cascaded extension to bit-interleaving optical networks enabling next-generation metro/access connectivity

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A low-energy rate-adaptive bit-interleaved passive optical network

Energy consumption of customer premises equipment (CPE) has become a serious issue in the new generations of time-division multiplexing passive optical networks, which operate at 10 Gb/s or higher. It is becoming a major factor in global network energy consumption, and it poses problems during emergencies when CPE is battery-operated. In this paper, a low-energy passive optical network (PON) that uses a novel bit-interleaving downstream protocol is proposed. The details about the network architecture, protocol, and the key enabling implementation aspects, including dynamic traffic interleaving, rate-adaptive descrambling of decimated traffic, and the design and implementation of a downsampling clock and data recovery circuit, are described. The proposed concept is shown to reduce the energy consumption for protocol processing by a factor of 30. A detailed analysis of the energy consumption in the CPE shows that the interleaving protocol reduces the total energy consumption of the CPE significantly in comparison to the standard 10 Gb/s PON CPE. Experimental results obtained from measurements on the implemented CPE prototype confirm that the CPE consumes significantly less energy than the standard 10 Gb/s PON CPE

CBI: a scalable energy-efficient protocol for metro/access networks

This paper presents a scalable energy-efficient MAC/PHY protocol for building a metro/access network. The proposed cascaded bit-interleaving (CBI) protocol extends the previously reported bit-interleaving concept to a multi-level paradigm. Moreover, a 40Gb/s 3-level electrical duobinary based physical layer scheme has been proposed for cost and energy saving, especially for end terminals. We compared two implementation approaches in terms of optical budget and transmission penalties. The initial estimate from the proof-ofconcept full-custom ASIC design shows that an ultra-low power metro/access network can be realized

On supporting quality of service over the Internet

grantor: University of TorontoThe emergence of real-time applications has underscored the need to provide some forms of service quality in the Internet. Current discussions on quality of services (QoS), however, embrace different approaches and lack a unified definition. Until now, it is still questionable whether ubiquitous end-to-end QoS is possible in the Internet as its decentralised nature does not lend itself easily to implement homogeneous mechanisms for traffic differentiation. This thesis presents methods of delivering QoS in the Internet. It focuses on two main rudiments of QoS recently proposed by the IETF community: Integrated Services (Int-Serv) and Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv). In addition, it addresses several important issues which arise from supporting these QoS models over the Internet. For the Int-Serv model, the thesis proposes a fusion model that efficiently integrates the Int- Serv and RSVP into ATM. The architectural design, prototype implementation and experimental evaluation on the system performance are discussed. The results demonstrate an operational environment that efficiently facilitate the delivery of video over RTP/UDP/Int-Serv-IP/ATM. Furthermore, the thesis discusses a number of problems in supporting QoS given two unique characteristics of IP multicast: heterogeneity and any-point-to-any-point connectivity. Novel mechanisms, such as token forwarding and VC-merge capable scheduling, are developed. These mechanisms complement the design of a common ATM switch in the support of both multicast and scalability. Performance analysis of these mechanisms is also presented. For Diff-Serv, the thesis proposes a general feedback control extension to the current Diff-Serv framework. Based on this extension, an intra-domain flow control algorithm tailored for the network layer is developed. Our simulation analysis shows that the overall feedback controlled Diff-Serv can offer a significant improvement in resource sharing and utilisation. To justify the importance of this mechanism, the thesis also reviews the performance results and the trade-offs in terms of protocol overhead and complexity of the mechanism. While this thesis has addressed some of the important issues and provided several solutions, delivering QoS in the Internet involves many aspects of network design. The results presented in this thesis will serve as an important step towards better understanding of issues related to the support QoS over the Internet.Ph.D